Can Medicare premiums be reimbursed through an Individual Coverage Health Reimbursement Arrangement (ICHRA)? If you (or your clients) have employees over the age of 65, it’s best to answer this ICHRA Medicare interaction question now, before you sign up for an HRA.
ICHRA and Medicare: A History
The final regulatory rules that expand upon the flexibility of HRAs had a few things to say on the matter of ICHRAs and Medicare premiums. Our team has been hard at work celebrating these new HRAs at the White House and pouring over the details of the 500 page document so we can answer all of your questions.
The topic of ICHRA and Medicare is especially complex, since there are existing laws guarding Medicare that needed extra clarity with the new HRAs rolling in. Specifically, the anti-duplication provision, the SSA's equal benefits rule, and the Medicare Secondary Payer rule (MSP) were three hurdles that had to be sorted out.
Integration of Individual Coverage HRAs with Medicare
To understand how ICHRAs and Medicare will work together, it's helpful to take a step back and think about what the HRA is "integrating" with in terms of the Medicare parts.
Here's a helpful reminder for Medicare as it relates to ICHRA plans.
Part A: "Hospital insurance" covers costs from hospital for free and acts as "classic Medicare." It's considered a major medical insurance plan that everyone is required to have.
Part B: "Medical insurance" that covers 80% of approved doctor visits and outpatient procedures after annual deductible is met. Also considered major medical and a requirement.
Part C: This is referred to as Medicare Advantage, aka hospital and doctor coinsurance. Cost depends on the plan you select.
Part D: "Prescription insurance" helps you pay for your prescriptions. Pricing depends on the plan you select and your income. This is not considered a major medical plan or sufficient to meet minimum essential coverage requirements.
When you're signing up for Medicare, there are two routes you can go. The first is "Medicare Advantage" - these are the newer arrangements that have all of the parts mushed together. You buy one Medicare Advantage plan and you're covered. They often have a $0 premium and are offered by traditional, commercial health insurance companies. They look and feel more like private health insurance plans most people are used to with specific provider networks and cost-sharing (deductibles, copays and out-of-pocket maximums).
The second route is Medicare Supplements (also called "Medigap"). You still have "traditional Medicare" parts A & B through the Federal government, but you purchase a supplemental plan to limit your total out-of-pocket exposure.
Clear as mud?
Let's keep going.
Which Medicare parts are reimbursable by ICHRA?
Still wondering what parts of Medicare are eligible for reimbursement through an Individual Coverage HRA?
According to the massive legal document that we went to the trouble of perusing for you, (you’re welcome!) here's what to know about the ins and outs of ICHRA and Medicare:
- To qualify for an ICHRA, the employee eligible for Medicare must have coverage of Part A and Part B together or Part C - Part B by itself doesn't qualify as Minimum Essential Coverage.
- ICHRA may be used to reimburse premiums for Medicare and Medicare supplemental health insurance (Medigap), as well as other medical care expenses. (Premiums for Parts A,B, C, D, and Medigap policies are all eligible for reimbursement).
ICHRA's ability to reimburse for Medicare premiums is one of the many pros when you consider ICHRA pros and cons.
To review how other HRAs and Medicare work together, check out our post!
ICHRA design and Medicare
The employer generally has discretion to choose which medical expenses (premiums, cost sharing, or qualified medical expenses) are eligible for reimbursement under the terms of an ICHRA, as long as the employer offers the same benefits, on the same terms and conditions, to groups of employees in specified ICHRA classes, subject to the exceptions under the same terms requirement in the final rules. An ICHRA administrator like Take Command can ensure that the employer remains compliant.
ICHRA and MSP
The issue of MSP - specifically which party is paying for an individual's health expenses when they are eligible for Medicare - is an important thing to note. As background, laws are in place to encourage group health plans to serve as the primary payer for Medicare recipients to shift the financial burden on the Medicare system. For example, Medicare is the secondary payer to certain other health plans and coverage, including group plans. That includes group plans of employers that employ at least 20 people, group plans that cover individuals who have ESRD Medicare (End-stage Renal Disease), and large group health plans (100+ employees). The same holds true for HRAs.
What about the Medicare anti-duplication provision?
If an employer offers an individual coverage HRA, some employees who are Medicare beneficiaries may not be able to obtain individual health insurance coverage due to the anti-duplication provision. This might cause such employees to be unable to enroll in the individual coverage HRA, effectively treating them differently in violation of the SSA’s equal benefit rule.
To enforce this, it remains unlawful for any person to issue or sell to an individual entitled to benefits under Medicare Part A or enrolled in Medicare Part B (including an individual electing a Medicare Part C plan) an individual health insurance policy with the knowledge that the policy duplicates health benefits to which the individual is otherwise entitled under Medicare or Medicaid.
To help with the adoption of HRAs with those entitled to Medicare, the final rules permit an individual coverage HRA to be integrated with either individual health insurance coverage or Medicare for a participant or dependent who is enrolled in Medicare Part A and B or Part C, if certain conditions are satisfied. The final rules state that an individual coverage HRA may be integrated with Medicare regardless of whether the HRA is subject to the MSP provisions, because the Medicare anti-duplication provision applies without regard to whether the HRA plan sponsor is subject to the MSP provisions.
In other words, we don't have to worry about the anti-duplication provision or MSP provisions getting in the way of employees benefitting from the individual coverage HRA. Phew!
Substantiating coverage with ICHRA and Medicare
For an individual coverage HRA to remain compliant, the employee must substantiate that he or she (along with their family members, if applicable) are enrolled in individual health insurance coverage or Medicare for the period they will be covered by the HRA. The dependents of the Medicare recipient can enroll in individual health plans and do not all have to be on Medicare.
Also, each time you seek reimbursement of a healthcare expense from the HRA, the employee must substantiate that they (or their family member) had individual health insurance coverage or Medicare for the month during which the expense was incurred.
Special consideration for Medicare-eligible employees when transitioning from a group plan to an ICHRA
For those switching from a group plans to an ICHRA, it's important to note that Medicare eligible employees likely will only be enrolled in Part A. Losing their group plan qualifies them to register for Part B as a Special Enrollment Period (SEP) with no penalty. They'll need both proof of coverage for A+ B to participate in their ICHRA or Part C.
Next steps
Are you considering an Individual Coverage HRA for your business (or your client's business) in the coming months? We certainly hope so! We hope this post on ICHRA and Medicare fully answered your questions.
If HRAs are new territory for you or if you need our team to help onboard your clients, we are here for you. We have a lot of exciting tools in the pipeline that will make this process as simple as possible.
We will continue to keep this blog updated so stay tuned for updates! In the meantime, breeze through our ICHRA FAQ page or new ICHRA Guide.
Additional resources →
- Learn about ICHRA Classes
- Learn about ICHRA Requirements
- Learn about ICHRA Regulations
- Learn about ICHRA Plan FAQs
- Learn about our ICHRA administration platform
This post was originally published in 2019 and has been updated with new information and insights for 2023.
